Enzyme- and Transporter-Based Drug-Drug Interactions: Progress and Future Challenges

This volume is authored by esteemed experts in the field, and provides state-of-the art knowledge related to enzyme- and transporter-based DDIs that impact the absorption and disposition of drugs. It examines the types of DDIs, methodological approaches to evaluate and view DDIs mechanistically, bioinformatics, clinical and toxicological outcomes, and regulatory recommendations. As much as possible, the future challenges and opportunities that lie ahead are presented and discussed. Special emphases are placed on the quantitative assessment of the roles of different transporters, need for more specific probes and inhibitors, and recognition of extrahepatic eliminating organs. Future approaches should integrate transporters and enzymes to accelerate the development of physiological based-pharmacokinetic models (PBPK-DDI) and information related to inter-subject variability. In addition, the authors look beyond small molecules and consider DDIs involving biologic agents, such as therapeutic antibodies, that can bring about pharmacologically significant drug-cytokine or drug-endocrine interactions.